This article, and the video above, delves into a specific group of tools that are often used in conjunction with molding planes: hand beaders, scratch stocks, and hand routers. We’ll explore their uses, history, and what makes them indispensable for creating intricate moldings. Whether you are a seasoned woodworker, a collector, or simply curious, this guide will provide a comprehensive understanding of these profiling tools, and help you know what to look for when you’re purchasing them.

Understanding Hand Beaders and Scratch Stocks

What Are Hand Beaders?

Hand beaders, sometimes classified under scratch stocks, are tools designed for fine woodworking. Unlike molding planes that cut a profile in a single pass, hand beaders and scratch stocks gradually scrape a profile into the wood (usually a bead shaped profile). This method allows for greater control, especially on tricky grain patterns.

Types of Hand Beaders

1. Stanley No. 66 Hand Beader:
   • This classic model is a favorite among woodworkers for its reliability and versatility.
   • It features interchangeable cutters that allow users to create various profiles.
   • See vintage Stanley No. 66 hand beaders for sale here. 
2. Modern Versions:
   • Companies like Lie-Nielsen have produced modern adaptations of traditional hand beaders, maintaining the utility while incorporating modern materials and manufacturing techniques. Lie-Nielsen no longer manufactures their hand beader, so you’ll have to find them on the used tool market. Sometimes you can find Lie-Nielsen hand beaders here. 

Anatomy of a Hand Beader

Hand beaders consist of a body, a yolk that holds the cutter, and a fence. The cutter can be swapped out to create different profiles, making this tool incredibly versatile. The fence can be adjusted for use on both straight and curved edges, adding to its flexibility. When looking to buy a hand beader, make sure that all of the parts are present, as parts are hard to find separately. 

Using Hand Beaders

Hand beaders are particularly useful when working with complex grain patterns. If the grain reverses, you can simply move the fence to the other side and continue working. This adaptability ensures a smooth finish regardless of the wood’s grain direction.

The Versatility of Scratch Stocks

Scratch stocks are simple yet effective tools. They can be as basic as a block of wood with a metal cutter held in place by pressure or as complex as custom-made pieces with adjustable parts.

Examples of Scratch Stocks

1. Simple Scratch Stock:
   • Made from a block of wood with a slit to hold the cutter.
   • Ideal for quick, small jobs where precision is less critical.
2. L-Shaped Scratch Stock:
   • More refined, with slots and bolts to secure the cutter.
   • Allows for precise adjustments and is used for detailed work.
3. Custom Scratch Stock for Molding Planes:
   • Designed to clean up profiles created by molding planes.
   • Ensures the profile is perfectly parallel and flat.

Making and Using Scratch Stocks

Creating a scratch stock is straightforward. You can file any profile into the metal cutter, allowing for endless customization. These tools are excellent for adding details like beads or grooves to your work. You can watch our video on making a scratch stock here:

The Unique Hand Router

What is a Hand Router?

A hand router, particularly the model made by Preston in England, is a specialized tool used for creating profiles on curved work. Unlike traditional planes, hand routers have very short beds and come with profiles that are mirror images of each other.

Using a Hand Router

Hand routers excel in tasks like shaping circular window frames. As you move around the curve, you can switch the tool to ensure you are always working with the grain. This feature makes them invaluable for complex curved moldings.

Buying Vintage Hand Routers

Preston hand routers are now rare and expensive, especially in the American market. When collecting, ensure all parts are present and in good condition, as replacements can be hard to find. Make sure there are no cracks in the cast iron body. You can sometimes find a vintage Preston hand router here. 

Maintenance and Care of Antique Molding Tools

Proper maintenance is crucial to preserving the functionality and value of antique molding planes, hand beaders, scratch stocks, and hand routers. Here are some tips to keep these tools in top shape:

Regular Cleaning

• Remove Dust and Debris: After each use, clean the tool to remove wood shavings and dust. This prevents buildup that can affect performance.
• Rust Prevention: Wipe metal parts with an oily rag to prevent rust, especially if the tools are stored in a humid environment.

Sharpening

• Sharpen Cutters and Irons: Regularly sharpen the cutters and irons to ensure clean cuts. Dull blades can tear the wood, leading to rough finishes.
• Honing: Hone the blades for a razor-sharp edge. This is particularly important for scratch stocks, as a sharp cutter is essential for precise profiles.

Storage

• Dry Environment: Store tools in a dry, stable environment to prevent warping and rust.
• Organized Storage: Keep all parts, such as fences and cutters, organized and together. This ensures that you have everything you need when you start your next project.

Inspection

• Check for Damage: Regularly inspect tools for any signs of damage, such as cracks in the body or wear on the iron. Addressing issues early can prevent further damage.
• Ensure Proper Alignment: Check that all parts are aligned correctly. Misalignment can lead to inaccurate profiles and increased wear on the tool.

Conclusion

Antique molding planes, along with their counterparts like hand beaders, scratch stocks, and hand routers, are a testament to the ingenuity and craftsmanship of traditional woodworking. These tools, whether vintage or modern adaptations, offer unparalleled versatility and precision. By understanding their uses, maintaining them properly, and appreciating their historical value, woodworkers can continue to create beautiful, intricate moldings that stand the test of time.

About Bill Anderson

Bill is a handplane expert, and an accomplished maker and restorer of wooden hand planes. His workshop is full of both wood planes and metal planes, and he teaches classes on making, refurbishing, and sharpening hand planes. See Bill’s classes at our school here. Bill is also now (as of 2024) teaching small, private classes at his workshop outside of Chapel Hill, North Carolina. You can see his website here.